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Justice Department slams ‘unconstitutional conditions’ at Mississippi prisons

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The Justice Department is accusing the of Mississippi of violating the constitutional rights of those held in four prisons: the Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman, the Central Mississippi Correctional Facility, the Correctional Institution and Wilkinson County Correctional Facility.

“Our work makes clear that people do not abandon their civil and constitutional rights at the jailhouse door,” Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke of the Justice Department's Division told reporters in a press conference Wednesday. “The unconstitutional conditions in Mississippi's prisons have existed for far too long, and we hope that this announcement marks a turning point towards implementing sound, evidence-based solutions to these entrenched problems.”

Department released a 60-page report Wednesday that centers on the three prisons besides Parchman. The concluded that the Mississippi Department of Corrections “does not adequately supervise incarcerated people, control contraband, and investigate incidents of harm and misconduct. These basic safety failures and the poor living conditions inside the facilities promote violence, including sexual assault. Gangs operate in the void left by staff and use violence to control people and traffic contraband.”

Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke speaks to media via Zoom during a press conference at the Thad Cochran U.S. District Courthouse in , Miss., after six law enforcement officers pleaded guilty to brutalizing and assaulting two Black men during a home raid that ended with an officer shooting one of the victims in the mouth. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today

Clarke said one major reason for this problem is that vacancy rates for correctional officers run between 30% and 50% at these prisons.

“It should be corrections officers running prisons, not gangs,” said U.S. Attorney Todd Gee for the Southern District of Mississippi. “When inmates are forced to join gangs, they bring that violent culture with them when they are released.”

A former gang intelligence officer estimated that more than half of those inside the Central Mississippi prison belong to gangs, according to the report. In recent years, the percentage of validated gang members inside Wilkinson was as high as 90%.

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“The strength of prison gangs inside the MDOC facilities that we investigated is so great that even some staff members have gang affiliations and are on the gangs' payroll,” the report says.

A coordinator attributed the gangs' strength “to staff corruption and estimated that more than half the staff are on the payroll of gangs,” according to the report.

Corrections Commissioner Burl Cain has repeatedly vowed to put the gangs out of business and replace them with faith-based alternatives. The Justice Department concluded that “these efforts are inadequate. MDOC's statewide gang coordinator could not share any metrics that assess the effectiveness of their gang control strategy. Nor do MDOC's measures appear from our review to have broken the gangs' stranglehold over MDOC facilities.”

The report also alleged that housing practices at some prisons “create a substantial risk of serious harm. MDOC holds hundreds of people at Central Mississippi and Wilkinson [a private prison run by MTC] in restrictive housing for prolonged periods in appalling conditions. Restrictive housing units are unsanitary, hazardous, and chaotic, with little supervision. They are breeding grounds for suicide, self-inflicted injury, fires, and assaults.”

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MDOC officials have not responded to a request for comment about the Justice Department report. MTC, which operates Wilkinson, said in an emailed response that the Justice Department's conclusions about the Wilkinson prison were drawn from visits conducted nearly two years ago and it has made “many improvements since.”

“While some challenges are inherent in operating a correctional facility, especially at facilities that house high-security inmates like Wilkinson, we continue to enhance the services we ,” MTC said.

“The report serves as a reminder of the broad challenges faced by most, if not all, correctional facilities in all jurisdictions. These include staffing, contraband, and inmate behavior.”

Management & Corporation (MTC) was founded on a mission to help people improve their lives through education, training, and rehabilitation. We invest often and heavily in programming.

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These constitutional violations are “systemic problems that have been going on for years,” according to the report.

In 2019, the Mississippi Center for Investigative Reporting and ProPublica published a series of stories on these prisons, exposing grisly violence, gang control and subhuman living conditions, noting that lawmakers had known about these issues for years and had done little to fix Parchman and the other prisons.

After that reporting, U.S. Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Miss., and others called on the Justice Department to investigate. The department began to do that in February 2020, starting with Parchman, which the department concluded in April 2022 that those imprisoned were being subjected to violence, inadequate medical care and lack of suicide prevention.

Asked what steps those officials have taken on Parchman since the Justice Department's 2022 report, Clarke replied, “We are aware of preliminary steps they have taken, but as laid out in great detail, the problems are severe, egregious and long-standing.”

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In its latest report, Justice Department officials concluded that all four prisons are “riddled with violence. … Gross understaffing, poor supervision, and inadequate investigations create an where violent gang activity and dangerous contraband trafficking proliferate.”

Central Mississippi averages an assault every other day between September 2020 and June 2022, 23 of them requiring hospitalization, according to the report. South Mississippi reported nearly 100 assaults, about 4o of them requiring hospitalization. And a fifth of the more than 150 assaults at Wilkinson required hospitalization.

These numbers underestimate the violence, the report says. “In light of the large number of documented assaults …, MDOC officials cannot claim ignorance of the substantial threat of violence at these facilities.”

At Central Mississippi, camera footage showed an inmate choking and kicking a victim in the head at 3:41 a.m. on an unspecified date. Later, another assailant punched him in the face. By 8:43 a.m., the body was rigid.

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It wasn't until 8:45 a.m., five hours after the assault, that an officer ever came to the cell. It was the officer bringing the morning meal.

Medical help arrived 20 minutes later, but it was far too late. The victim, who wasn't identified, died.

“The Warden's report makes no mention of an officer being present on the housing unit at any point during the five hours between the assault and the [man] foaming at the mouth,” according to the report.

At South Mississippi, gang members attacked a man over $68 that he supposedly owed, the report says. “The assailants dragged the victim across different zones of the same housing unit, then after he lost consciousness, brought him to the showers and poured cold water from a garbage can on him to wake him up. Once the victim started coughing and spitting up water, the assailants continued the assault, pouring boiling hot water on him and beating him. The attackers reportedly prohibited anyone in the housing area from contacting medical [services] the assault. After conferring with other gang members, the assailants agreed to request a security check from officers, because of the severity of the victim's injuries. Responding staff found the victim lying on the floor behind benches. He was unable to stand up and moaned when asked questions. He had burns over 10–20% of his body, a nasal fracture, head injury, lack of cognitive response and encephalopathy (brain injury).”

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The report details how often no one is monitoring the prisons' video surveillance.

Violence at these prisons includes sexual assaults. The Prison Rape Elimination Act Manager for Central Mississippi receives between 20 and 25 complaints a month, and that number doesn't include the attacks that go unreported.

Justice Department officials determined that staff could easily introduce contraband into these prisons.

“Drugs, cell phones, and weapons are the most common type of contraband found in the facilities,” the report says. “Many of the assaultive incidents at Central Mississippi, South Mississippi, and Wilkinson, involve contraband weapons. During one altercation at Wilkinson, an incarcerated individual sustained a laceration to his chest. Security staff recovered a piece of a kitchen knife from the scene. After an assault at Wilkinson that sent an incarcerated person to the hospital, staff recovered an eight-inch implement.”

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In a single month in 2022, Wilkinson officials recovered 28 grams of meth, 8 ounces of marijuana and 10 cellphones. Over a 13-month period, South Mississippi found 1,200 cellphones, which are commonly used to “conduct business, including contraband trafficking,” according to the report.

The volume of these drugs “leads to extreme, drug-induced behaviors that contribute to violence and fatal overdoses,” according to the report. “An individual who died at Wilkinson after cutting himself and assaulting and choking his cellmate was found to have amphetamine and methamphetamine in his system.”

In addition to the lack of staff to monitor towers and videos, the report found officers “fail to do basic security tasks such as making rounds, counting incarcerated persons, and keeping doors secure. MDOC has long known about this gross understaffing and the harm it causes, but has failed to take reasonable, effective measures to fix the problem.”

Since 2020, when Gov. Tate Reeves appointed Cain, MDOC has raised starting pay for correctional officers, lowered eligibility requirements, shortened training and expedited hiring.

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Despite that, the prisons are operating at “dangerously low staffing levels,” the report says. Despite significant pay raises, the pay remains lower than “other correctional agencies in the region and in other industries in Mississippi.”

MDOC also struggles to retain those it hires. One human resources officer said South Mississippi lost about half of its new hires from the previous year.

The reasons why? People aren't prepared for the job, some have gang affiliations, and others help bring in contraband, sometimes “because of threats from incarcerated individuals,” sometimes because of “significant money being paid to officers.”

U.S. Attorney Clay Joyner for the Northern District of Mississippi said that ensuring “constitutional and humane conditions of confinement in our prisons is a key part of public safety. By allowing physical violence, illegal gang activity, and contraband to run rampant, Mississippi not only violates the rights of people incarcerated at these facilities, but also compromises the legitimacy of law enforcement efforts to protect our communities.”

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UPDATE 2/28/24: This story has been updated to include MTC's response to the report.

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

Mississippi Today

Veiled accusations fly in hearing over disappearance and death of Jackson man

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mississippitoday.org – Mina Corpuz – 2024-04-30 16:18:14

a contentious hearing Tuesday in the disappearance and death of a man, a Hinds County judge said he intends to keep an injunction in place until the can complete an autopsy. 

Chancery Court Judge Dewayne heard arguments Tuesday morning in a lawsuit to determine who will decide what happens to the remains of Belhaven Heights resident Dau Mabil and whether an independent autopsy can happen. 

Mabil, 33, disappeared March 25, and three weeks later, his body was found over 50 miles away in the Pearl in Lawrence County. 

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The day that a preliminary autopsy determined that the body was that of Mabil, his brother, Bul, filed the lawsuit against Mabil's wife, Karissa Bowley, and state investigators: the Capitol and the State Lab. None of the defendants said they were notified of the April 18 hearing when Thomas entered the emergency temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction. 

Lisa Ross, Bul Mabil's attorney, right, answers questions from the media after a court hearing about Dau Mabil's death investigation at the Hinds County Chancery Court in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi

Bul Mabil and his attorneys have raised suspicions about what led to Dau Mabil's death, and they argue that an independent autopsy is the only way to be certain there was no foul play – contrary to what the Lawrence County sheriff has said. U.S. Rep. Bennie Thompson has requested the Justice Department investigate.

On Tuesday, that led to pointed questions by Bul Mabil's attorney Lisa Ross to Bowley, who testified for nearly two hours. 

Ross' questions included implications about whether Bowley or some of her members  had something to do with Mabil's disappearance, introduction of text message evidence showing that the couple had fought and spent a few days apart in the weeks leading up to him going missing. 

The questioning culminated when Paloma Wu, who is representing Bowley, asked if she killed Mabil or knew who did, and Bowley said no.

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Karissa Bowley, left, is consoled after a court hearing concerning the investigation of the death of her husband, Dau Mabil, at the Hinds County Chancery Court in Jackson, Miss., on Tuesday, April 30, 2024. Credit: Eric Shelton/Mississippi Today

Ross also asked Bowley other reasons why her husband went missing, including past arguments they had, money, whether Mabil was suicidal and why she didn't accompany him on March 25. 

Throughout testimony, Wu made multiple objections to Ross' questioning, asking about how they were relevant, saying they were hearsay and they should be stricken from the record. Judge Thomas allowed most of the questions. 

“This has become a performance for free-wheeling defamation,” Wu said about the attorney's questioning. “This is not a murder trial against Karissa.” 

To date, there has been no evidence of foul play and nobody has been criminally charged. 

Bowley said she would have agreed to an independent autopsy if Bul Mabil had just asked, and she would have preferred the family to have a conversation rather than having to go to court.  

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Multiple times, Ross asked Bowley if she would agree to make the results of the state's autopsy public and to allow an independent autopsy on Mabil's body.

“I have no reason not to,” Bowley replied. 

In court filings, Bul Mabil argued he should be considered the next of kin who can make decisions about his brother's body rather than his brother's wife. Wu said the state law is clear that a surviving spouse takes precedence as next of kin over siblings and other descendants. 

After the hearing, Ross said her questions highlight how there is no Mississippi case law that defines who counts as a surviving spouse. In other states, she found that courts have ruled that an estranged or separated spouse does not count as next of kin. 

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A motion by Capitol Police and the State Crime Lab filed late last week asks the judge to dismiss the temporary restraining order and lawsuit complaint. 

Thomas said he plans to issue an order Thursday to address pending motions and issues raised in the hearing, and he said he will release a separate order addressing Bowley's request to be added as a plaintiff. 

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

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Mississippi Today

The Pulse: Mississippians rally for full Medicaid expansion

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Rev. Reginald Buckley joined hundreds of , clergy, and from over 35 communities at the Capitol in for a “Full Expansion Day” rally, urging legislators to expand coverage under the federal Affordable Care Act on Tuesday, April 16, 2024.

READ MORE: ‘A matter of life and death': Hundreds rally at Capitol for full Medicaid expansion

Mississippi health news you can't get anywhere else.

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This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

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Senate ushers in new college board appointees with few questions asked about higher education

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mississippitoday.org – Molly Minta – 2024-04-30 11:53:38

Hearings for new members of the governing board of Mississippi's public universities last week were in a small, out-of-the-way room on the fourth floor of the Capitol that does not have live-streaming capabilities. 

Senate committee meetings are usually broadcast on YouTube, a point of pride for the chamber where lawmakers occasionally mock the Mississippi House for not doing the same. 

But the failure to broadcast the hearings for Gov. Tate Reeves' nominees to the Institutions of Higher Learning Board of Trustees means there is no way for students, faculty or staff who could not make it to to observe the proceedings to know what occurred, even as, according to multiple senators, the meeting was standing-room-only. 

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This is noteworthy because the IHL Board meetings are pro forma; the 12 trustees almost always vote in lock-step and rarely discuss policy proposals during regular open meetings in Jackson. The Senate has advise-and-consent power on the governor's nominees, so its confirmation hearings are one of the few times trustees, who serve nine-year terms, must take questions from representatives of the public. 

Though Reeves' four nominees were asked by Sen. Nicole Boyd, R-Oxford, the chair of the Senate Colleges and Universities Committee, about why they wanted to serve on the IHL board, multiple senators told they could not recall, or did not ask, the appointees any questions about higher education issues. The nominees were confirmed by the full Senate with no questions on Sunday afternoon. 

The committee hearing occurred on April 23 at 1 p.m. in room 407, a small room tucked away in a corner of the fourth floor observation balcony, behind a scanner, a security guard, an assistant's desk and a sign that says “NO ADMITTANCE Senate Staff Only.” 

Room 407 on the fourth floor of the Capitol Building where a Senate committee spoke with Gov. Tate Reeves' four nominees to the Institutions of Higher Learning Board of Trustees on April 23, 2024. Credit: Molly Minta/Mississippi Today

“I really don't think I thought about how it didn't have live-streaming capabilities,” said Boyd, who is also a Senate conferee embroiled in the contentious Medicaid expansion negotiations. “There wasn't anything sinister about it.” 

Boyd added that before the committee hearing, she and the chair of the House Colleges and Universities Committee had interviewed the four nominees. She said she was excited about the different experiences the new trustees would bring to the board. 

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“Our committee really wants to work closely with the college board and the community college board,” Boyd said. “I wish there were cameras in there because it's more of an intimate setting. I would like to have more meetings in there … just because the room is small and you're around the table.”

New IHL board member Jerry Griffith, a retired IRS agent who previously served on the Gaming Commission, said he was even confused if the hearing was public or private when he was contacted by Mississippi Today. 

“Please forgive me, I'm not to be ugly or anything, but I'm so new to the board,” Griffith said. “I'm not sure if I can share anything.” 

Griffith said he would be happy to chat with Mississippi Today after he made some calls, but he did not respond to further inquiries. Charlie Stephenson, the president of the Mississippi State Bulldog Club Board of Directors, and Don Clark, an attorney at Butler Snow, did not respond to Mississippi Today's requests for comment. 

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The final new board member, Jimmy Heidelberg, an attorney from Pascagoula, said he did not know all the committee members, but that Boyd and several other senators asked him about his education and professional experience. 

“She just said we've all got your information and your background, is there anything else you want to add or ask me and I said, ‘well, it was pretty thorough,'” Heidelberg recalled, adding that he told the committee he was also concerned with Mississippi's declining population of college-aged residents. 

“I said, ‘we need the best universities that we can have to keep kids home,'” he added. 

Heidelberg was not asked about any policies he would to achieve that goal, and he said he wouldn't speak on that because he is not yet familiar with the board's inner workings. 

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Mississippi Today asked if he supported the proposal from State Auditor Shad White to defund college degrees that don't contribute to the state's

“I don't know specifically what you're talking about, but I think everybody would share if you go to college and study and achieve a degree, hopefully you will out to be a contributing citizen with a skill that you can support yourself and your family on,” he said. “That's the point of education.” 

This session, a failed effort to rename Mississippi for Women threw a spotlight on the ailing enrollment of the state's regional colleges. Lawmakers introduced several controversial proposals to reduce the number of public universities in the state, prompting outcry, particularly from supporters of Mississippi's historically Black public universities — Jackson State University, Alcorn State University and Mississippi Valley State University. 

Now, just one graduate of those three universities will sit on the IHL board after the Senate confirmed Reeves' nominees. Griffith's background report shows he graduated from Delta State University and had attended Jackson State, Boyd said. 

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But senators barely, if at all, asked the nominees questions about higher education, multiple sources told Mississippi Today. 

“I really didn't have that many questions, and I don't remember that many questions being asked of really any of them,” said Sen. Scott DeLano, R-Biloxi. 

That's not the purpose of these hearings, DeLano added. He noted Room 407 was so packed, extra chairs had to be brought in. The presidents of Mississippi State University and Delta State University were in attendance.  

“Generally speaking, we don't get into that kind of stuff,” DeLano said. “It's very rare, unless it was a reappointment, but other than that, you don't want to catch somebody off guard or flat-footed on an issue they do not have … background information to understand why we're asking.” 

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The hearings are more about affirming the nominees' backgrounds, multiple senators said, after an investigation by the legislative watchdog. Boyd asked the nominees why they wanted to be on the IHL board. 

Sens. Nicole Boyd, R-Oxford (left) and chairman Kevin Blackwell, during discussions on the cost of Medicaid expansion at a public meeting held at the state Capitol, Tuesday, April 23, 2024. Credit: Vickie D. King/Mississippi Today

“We got a really good sense of who they are and what they're going to bring to the college board, and I'm appreciative of people of that caliber, who could go sit and retire, giving back because the college board takes a ton of time,” Boyd said. 

The last time the Senate used its power to reject an IHL appointee was in 1996 when it repeatedly turned down four of Gov. Kirk Fordice's nominees: Hassell Franklin of Houston, Ralph Simmons of Laurel, John McCarty of Jackson and Tom McNeese of Columbia. The four nominees were later confirmed in a special session.

“We want to have some general idea of where someone stands,” DeLano said, “but for the most part those boards are supposed to be independent, and they're supposed to be subject-matter experts.” 

Sen. Briggs Hopson, R-Vicksburg, said he couldn't recall much of the meeting because it is the busiest time of year for him. Like other senators who spoke with Mississippi Today, he complimented the accomplishments of two of Reeves' nominees: Clark, the attorney for Butler Snow, and Heidelberg, the Pascagoula attorney, who both graduated from University of Southern Mississippi before attending the University of Mississippi School of

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“I don't remember exactly, and I don't know what questions were asked,” Hopson said. “I know I complemented two of the nominees that I've known … My experiences with them have always been positive.”

DeLano said that he had worked with Heidelberg on insurance policies affecting the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Boyd recalled that Clark and Griffith discussed the enrollment cliff that will uniquely affect the regional colleges. 

“We've got to make sure that we're progressively and actively managing that and that we're helping our regional universities make sure that they have strong enrollment numbers and growing enrollment numbers,” Boyd said. 

Ultimately, the meetings are more about jumpstarting a working relationship than they are fact-finding missions, DeLano said. After the committee wrapped, he said he spoke with Clark about public-private partnerships, because it is relevant to a bill this session that would authorize IHL to enter into a long-term lease agreement on behalf of the University of Mississippi. The bill died in conference yesterday.

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“It just gives me a good to shake hands with whoever those people are and look them in the eye and tell them I look forward to working with them in my role,” DeLano said. “I've seen some committee meetings where they might get partisan on this issue. I don't care about partisanship as much as I care about their willingness to dive deep into the issues and try to understand the totality of the duties that they have.” 

Sen. Sollie Norwood, D-Jackson, concurred. He said he did not ask the new trustees any questions but that he hopes to meet with them later this summer to discuss issues pertaining to the HBCUs, mainly the end of the Ayers settlement, which was meant to redress the IHL's historically underfunding of those institutions, and IHL's presidential selection process. 

“I want to let them get a to get in and get familiar with it and then we can have those conversations,” he said. 

Multiple committee members did not return inquiries from Mississippi Today or declined to comment, including: Sen. John Polk, Sen. Daniel Sparks, Sen. Josh Harkins,Sen. Alfred Butler and Sen. Tyler McCaughn. 

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“I am away from the Capitol and I suggest you call the committee chairwoman Senator Nicole Boyd,” Sen. Walter Michel wrote in a text. 

“I wouldn't be the one to talk to,” wrote Sen. Joel Carter, also over text. “I was late due to negotiations on a conference report. I know there weren't very many questions.”

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.

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