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Texas bill seeks to regulate AI’s use in the state

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feeds.texastribune.org – By Alejandra Martinez – 2025-05-23 05:00:00


Texas is advancing House Bill 149 to regulate AI, aiming to balance innovation with public protection. Sponsored by Rep. Giovanni Capriglione and Sen. Charles Schwertner, the bill mandates disclosure when citizens interact with government AI, bans non-consensual biometric data collection, prohibits AI-designed manipulation, discrimination, and deepfake exploitation of children. It establishes enforcement by the Texas Attorney General with fines up to $100,000, creating an AI regulatory “sandbox” for safe testing. Critics warn it may stifle innovation and lacks private legal recourse, while supporters view it as a practical first step in addressing real harms. The bill awaits a full Senate vote, with federal laws potentially overriding its impact.

Texas lawmakers push to regulate AI in government and the tech industry” was first published by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.

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With AI tools embedded in everyday life — from customer service chatbots and ChatGPT to predictive policing algorithms — Texas is seeking to place boundaries around the fast-growing technology by imposing a host of rules and appointing “a new sheriff in Texas’ digital town.”

House Bill 149, authored by state Rep. Giovanni Capriglione, R-Southlake, is Texas’ attempt to create guardrails that allow innovation while protecting people from potential harm, said state Sen. Charles Schwertner, R-Georgetown, the bill’s Senate sponsor, at a recent committee hearing.

The bill would require government agencies to disclose when Texans are interacting with an AI system on a state agency website and ban the capture of biometric identifiers without consent — including retina, iris or facial scanning, fingerprints and voice prints. The bill also would prohibit industry from developing AI systems designed to manipulate human behavior and prohibit discrimination and deep fake child exploitation.

The Texas Attorney General’s office would be charged with enforcing the bill, aided by an online complaint system. Violators would face civil fines of up to $100,000.

“I don’t think yet we really need to worry about a Terminator scenario of killer robots,” said Kevin Welch, president of EFF-Austin, a consumer advocacy group that advocates for the protection of digital rights. “I would say it’s important to focus on real harms, which is one thing I do really like about this bill. It focuses on real harms and not hypothetical sci-fi scenarios.”

Supporters say the bill is a necessary first step to prevent harms like racial profiling, privacy violations, or opaque government decision-making. Critics have warned that the bill could stifle innovation and may introduce legal uncertainty if not tweaked to clarify certain language.

David Dunmoyer, the campaign director for Better Tech for Tomorrow at the Texas Public Policy Foundation, a nonprofit research institute based in Austin, says the bill is about “getting AI policy right before the whole horse is out of the barn,” which means getting the “right guardrails and the right regulatory system in place that ensures we’re not just preserving humanity, but advancing it and furthering it.”

He said the bill focuses on outcomes by drawing clear boundaries around what AI should not be allowed to do and increasing transparency.

“Really it boils down to balancing the need for some policy and regulation around this to protect people’s privacy and their transparency and the need to not stifle innovation,” said Sherri Greenberg, an AI expert and assistant dean for state and local government engagement at the UT-Austin. Greenberg added that the attorney general would have the authority to enforce AI regulations regardless of where the AI system is based.

The bill would prohibit government agencies from using AI systems to assign “social scores” or rank people based on personal data. In the private sector, developers would be prohibited from designing AI tools that incite self-harm, violence, or criminal behavior. The bill also would restrict the use of AI to limit a person’s access to political content or infringe on freedom of expression or association.

The bill would also create the Texas Artificial Intelligence Council, housed within the state Department of Information Resources. The 10-member advisory body would monitor AI use across state government, flag harmful practices, recommend legislative updates and identify rules that may be impacting innovation.

For the AI industry, the bill creates a regulatory “sandbox,” a controlled environment where developers can test AI systems free from certain state rules without being penalized. Lawmakers have said the sandbox is designed to balance technological freedom with public oversight.

The bill has been approved by both chambers and is headed back to the House, where representatives will decide if they agree with amendments added by the Senate or need to go to a conference committee to hash out the differences.

If approved, the bill would come with a $25 million price tag and add 20 new full-time staff positions, including 12 in the AG’s office.

Even if the law passes, its impact could be short-lived if Congress steps in. A recent draft of the 2025 federal budget reconciliation bill would put a 10-year moratorium on new state AI laws, which could freeze bills like HB 149 before they take effect. HB 149, if it becomes law, would take effect on Jan. 1.

Would the bill protect citizens harmed by AI?

Dunmoyer, who testified in support of the bill at a recent hearing, said that the bill addresses industry’s concern of getting punished for trying to innovate.

“This bill seeks an environment of compliance rather than punishment,” he said, adding that the bill “provides what the industry has asked for, which is clear rules of the road and protection against a litigious hellscape.”

While the bill offers some flexibility for industry to address potential harms, Welch, president of the consumer advocacy group EFF-Austin, said the bill prohibits private right of action, meaning it blocks citizens from suing companies that violate their rights through AI.

“I feel like [these laws] often end up as being a lot of nice words and sentiments, but the actual rights of citizens aren’t protected,” he said. “I do feel that if we really want to give these laws teeth, we have to make it where citizens can bring lawsuits.”

Dunmoyer said that the bill creates a new online portal where Texans can submit complaints to the attorney general, who he calls “a new sheriff in Texas’ digital town,” to investigate potential violations.

Meanwhile, Anton Dahbura, co-director of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Assured Autonomy, said regulating AI is far more complicated than lawmakers seem to realize. He argues that AI isn’t a single, well-defined entity, it’s really a broad and evolving field of technologies and techniques.

This misunderstanding, he warns, leads to misguided attempts at regulation that may not be enforceable or effective.

Dahbura remains neutral on whether AI should be regulated, but he stresses that any such efforts need to be informed and precise. He suggests that regulation should focus on outcomes — holding people accountable for harm or illegal actions regardless of the tools used — instead of trying to legislate the technology itself.

Dahbura said he also sees a problematic narrative forming around AI as a threat that must be neutralized, likening it to a “pitchforks and torches” approach.

“It feels a little bit like people are marching up the hill to get the bad guy that is AI,” he said. “And if they corner the bad guy, then everything is great.”

The risk of taking regulations too far, he added, is placing unnecessary and ill-conceived burdens on the industry, potentially stifling innovation without offering real protections for people.

Where AI regulation started

Lawmakers have created other advisory bodies aimed at studying the impacts of AI. In 2023, the state approved a bill that created an Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council within the Department of Information Resources to study how AI systems are used in state government, whether they infringe on legal or constitutional rights and recommending ethical guidelines. That council was disbanded after submitting its report to lawmakers in December 2024.

A separate AI and Emerging Technologies Select Committee also made recommendations such as requiring state agencies to audit their AI systems annually, provide state employees with training on AI ethics and data privacy and the formation of an AI sandbox. This recommendation led to HB 149’s sandbox program.

A major concern raised during initial hearings was the deceptive potential of AI — from cloned voices to deepfakes — and how such technologies could undermine democracy and public trust. By mid-2024, agencies were required to report their AI activities to the advisory council, whose findings informed this year’s legislation.

Capriglione, who also championed HB 4, the state’s landmark data privacy law, played a central role. Alongside Sen. Tan Parker, R-Flower Mound, they held meetings with experts in AI, consumer advocacy and technology to figure out what responsible AI governance should look like in Texas. Out of these meetings came a bill by Parker focused on regulating AI within government agencies and Capriglione’s first attempt to regulate AI in the private sector.

Capriglione’s original proposal, HB 1709 — also known as the Texas Responsible AI Governance Act — focused on regulating AI in health care, employment, and finance. It was modeled after the European Union’s AI Act. But the tech industry pushed back, calling it too broad and burdensome.

“Regulating AI in industry is a more difficult proposition,” said Greenberg, the UT-Austin AI expert. “You may get pushback from industry saying that this is going to put us behind or stifle innovation.”

The bill never made it to a House committee. Capriglione came back with HB 149.

Across the country, nearly every state in the country introduced legislation related to AI this year, while others already have laws on the books.

Texas carefully studied Colorado’s AI law, which was signed into law this month and targets AI systems used in decisions related to education, employment, financial services, government services, health care, housing, insurance, or legal services. The bill aims to prevent discrimination based on protected characteristics like age, race or gender.

​​Texas lawmakers are also considering other AI-related bills during this legislative session, which ends June 2. One would require that political advertisements disclose whether images, audio, or video have been substantially altered using AI. Another bill seeks to prohibit AI-generated child pornography.

Disclosure: The Texas Public Policy Foundation has been a financial supporter of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune’s journalism. Find a complete list of them here.


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This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at https://www.texastribune.org/2025/05/23/texas-ai-bill-legislation-regulation/.

The Texas Tribune is a member-supported, nonpartisan newsroom informing and engaging Texans on state politics and policy. Learn more at texastribune.org.

The post Texas bill seeks to regulate AI’s use in the state appeared first on feeds.texastribune.org



Note: The following A.I. based commentary is not part of the original article, reproduced above, but is offered in the hopes that it will promote greater media literacy and critical thinking, by making any potential bias more visible to the reader –Staff Editor.

Political Bias Rating: Center-Right

This article presents Texas’ AI regulation bill largely through a lens favorable to Republican lawmakers and conservative think tanks, emphasizing balanced regulation that protects privacy and innovation without overburdening industry. It highlights sponsors from the GOP and includes supportive quotes from groups like the Texas Public Policy Foundation. The tone remains measured, acknowledging critics and nuanced perspectives but framing the legislation as a pragmatic, innovation-friendly approach. While it reports on concerns from consumer advocates and academics, the overall framing leans toward a center-right viewpoint that values market-driven solutions and limited government intervention balanced with necessary safeguards.

News from the South - Texas News Feed

6-year-old boy survives near-drowning, witnesses angels in heaven

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www.kxan.com – Rodricka Stevens – 2025-07-10 23:31:00

SUMMARY: On July 4, Krista Parker’s 6-year-old son, DJ, nearly drowned at Paragon Casino Resort in Louisiana. Despite DJ’s fear of water, he suddenly went lifeless by the pool. Krista and her husband performed CPR and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, eventually reviving him as water was expelled from his lungs. DJ was taken to Rapides Women’s and Children’s Hospital, where he recounted a near-death experience of seeing angels and God, strengthening his family’s faith. He now wants to be named Avir, meaning “air” in Hebrew, reflecting his experience. DJ suffered no lasting physical harm, emphasizing the importance of CPR training and water safety.

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The post 6-year-old boy survives near-drowning, witnesses angels in heaven appeared first on www.kxan.com

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KHOU 11 News Sports: LSU lands Brown, Astros swept

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www.youtube.com – KHOU 11 – 2025-07-10 19:58:47

SUMMARY: The LSU Tigers have landed Lamar Brown, the top 2026 recruit and five-star defensive tackle from Baton Rouge, choosing LSU over Texas A&M, Miami, and Texas. In MLB, the Houston Astros swept the Dodgers in LA but were then swept at home by the Guardians, who had lost 10 straight games. Despite challenges, the Astros emphasize teamwork. College football returns as Houston Cougars aim for a Big 12 bounce-back under coach Willie Fritz, focusing on depth and competition. In tennis, Amanda Eissimova shocked the world by defeating the No. 1 player, Sebalana, to reach her first Grand Slam final at Wimbledon after overcoming burnout.

Here’s the latest on sports of interest for the Houston area. LSU signs Lamar Brown. Astros are swept. Cougars under Fritz.

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Why Kerr County balked on a new flood warning system

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feeds.texastribune.org – By Terri Langford, Dan Keemahill and Hayden Betts – 2025-07-10 17:52:00


Following devastating July 4 flooding in Kerr County that killed nearly 100, officials blamed taxpayer resistance for the lack of flood warning sirens along the Guadalupe River. Despite awareness since 2016 of flood risks and the need for a $1 million warning system, political conservatism and a tight tax base stalled progress. An application for FEMA funding was denied due to the absence of a hazard mitigation plan, and the county’s $10.2 million American Rescue Plan Act funds were largely spent on public safety radio systems, not flood warnings. Local leaders and residents now push to install sirens for future safety.

Did fiscal conservatism block plans for a new flood warning system in Kerr County?” was first published by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.

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In the week after the tragic July 4 flooding in Kerr County, several officials have blamed taxpayer pressure as the reason flood warning sirens were never installed along the Guadalupe River.

“The public reeled at the cost,” Kerr County Judge Rob Kelly told reporters one day after the rain pushed Guadalupe River levels more than 32 feet, resulting in nearly 100 deaths in the county, as of Thursday.

Kerr County Judge Rob Kelly speaks during a press conference at the Hill Country Youth Event Center in Kerrville on Saturday July 5, 2025.
Kerr County Judge Rob Kelly speaks during a press conference at the Hill Country Youth Event Center in Kerrville on Saturday July 5, 2025. Credit: Ronaldo Bolaños/The Texas Tribune

A community that overwhelmingly voted for President Donald Trump in 2016, 2020 and 2024, Kerr County constructed an economic engine on the allure of the Guadalupe River. Government leaders acknowledged the need for more disaster mitigation, including a $1 million flood warning system that would better alert the public to emergencies, to sustain that growth, but they were hamstrung by a small and tightfisted tax base.

An examination of transcripts since 2016 from Kerr County’s governing body, the commissioners court, offers a peek into a small Texas county paralyzed by two competing interests: to make one of the country’s most dangerous region for flash flooding safer and to heed to near constant calls from constituents to reduce property taxes and government waste.

“This is a pretty conservative county,” said former Kerr County Judge Tom Pollard, 86. “Politically, of course, and financially as well.”

County zeroes in on river safety in 2016

Cary Burgess, a local meteorologist whose weather reports can be found in the Kerrville Daily Times or heard on Hill Country radio stations, has noticed the construction all along the Guadalupe for the better part of the last decade.

More Texans and out-of-state residents have been discovering the river’s pristine waters lined with bald cypress trees, a long-time draw for camping, hiking and kayaking, and they have been coming in droves to build more homes and businesses along the water’s edge. If any of the newcomers were familiar with the last deadly flood in 1987 that killed 10 evacuating teenagers, they found the river’s threat easy to dismiss.

“They’ve been building up and building up and building up and doing more and more projects along the river that were getting dangerous,” Burgess recalls. “And people are building on this river, my gosh, they don’t even know what this river’s capable of.”

By the time the 1987 flood hit, the county had grown to about 35,000 people. Today, there are about 53,000 people living in Kerr County.

In 2016, Kerr County commissioners already knew they were getting outpaced by neighboring, rapidly growing counties on installing better flood warning systems and were looking for ways to pull ahead.

During a camp evacuation ahead of rising floodwaters, a Seagoville Road Baptist Church bus was swept into the Guadalupe River near the town of Comfort during the July 17, 1987 flood. 43 people — four adults and 39 teenagers — were washed into the river. 10 teenagers died.
During a camp evacuation ahead of rising floodwaters, a Seagoville Road Baptist Church bus was swept into the Guadalupe River near the town of Comfort during the July 17, 1987 flood. Forty three people — four adults and 39 teenagers — were washed into the river. Ten teenagers died. Credit: The National Weather Service

During a March 28 meeting that year, they said as much.

“Even though this is probably one of the highest flood-prone regions in the entire state where a lot of people are involved, their systems are state of the art,” Commissioner Tom Moser said then. He discussed how other counties like Comal had moved to sirens and more modern flood warning systems.

“And the current one that we have, it will give – all it does is flashing light,” explained W.B. “Dub” Thomas, the county’s emergency management coordinator. “I mean all – that’s all you get at river crossings or wherever they’re located at.”

Kerr County already had signed on with a company that allowed its residents to opt in and get a CodeRED alert about dangerous weather conditions. But Thomas urged the commissioners court to strive for something more. Cell service along the headwaters of the Guadalupe near Hunt was spotty in the western half of Kerr County, making a redundant system of alerts even more necessary.

“I think we need a system that can be operated or controlled by a centralized location where – whether it’s the Sheriff’s communication personnel, myself or whatever, and it’s just a redundant system that will complement what we currently have,” Thomas said that year.

By the next year, officials had sent off its application for a $731,413 grant to FEMA to help bring $976,000 worth of flood warning upgrades, including 10 high water detection systems without flashers, 20 gauges, possible outdoor sirens, and more.

“The purpose of this project is to provide Kerr County with a flood warning system,” the county wrote in its application. “The System will be utilized for mass notification to citizens about high water levels and flooding conditions throughout Kerr County.”

But the Texas Division of Emergency Management, which oversees billions of FEMA dollars designed to prevent disasters, denied the application because they didn’t have a current hazard mitigation plan. They resubmitted it, news outlets reported, but by then, priority was given to counties that had suffered damage from Hurricane Harvey.

Political skepticism about a windfall

All that concern about warning systems seemed to fade over the next five years, as the political atmosphere throughout the county became more polarized and COVID fatigue frayed local residents’ nerves.

In 2021, Kerr County was awarded a $10.2 million windfall from the American Rescue Plan Act, or ARPA, which Congress passed that same year to support local governments impacted by the pandemic. Cities and counties were given flexibility to use the money on a variety of expenses, including those related to storm-related infrastructure. Corpus Christi, for example, allocated $15 million of its ARPA funding to “rehabilitate and/or replace aging storm water infrastructure.” Waco’s McLennan County spent $868,000 on low water crossings.

Kerr County did not opt for ARPA to fund flood warning systems despite commissioners discussing such projects nearly two dozen times since 2016. In fact, a survey sent to residents about ARPA spending showed that 42% of the 180 responses wanted to reject the $10 million bonus altogether, largely on political grounds.

“I’m here to ask this court today to send this money back to the Biden administration, which I consider to be the most criminal treasonous communist government ever to hold the White House,” one resident told commissioners in April 2022, fearing strings were attached to the money.

“We don’t want to be bought by the federal government, thank you very much,” another resident told commissioners. “We’d like the federal government to stay out of Kerr County and their money.”

When it was all said and done, the county approved $7 million in ARPA dollars on a public safety radio communications system for the sheriff’s department and county fire services to meet the community’s needs for the next 10 years, although earlier estimates put that contract at $5 million. Another $1 million went to sheriff’s employees in the form of stipends and raises, and just over $600,000 went towards additional county positions. A new walking path was also created with the ARPA money.

While much has been made of the ARPA spending, it’s not clear if residents or the commissioners understood at the time they could have applied the funds to a warning system. Current Kerr County Judge Rob Kelly, and Thomas have declined repeated requests for interviews. Moser, who is no longer a commissioner, did not immediately respond to a Texas Tribune interview request.

Many Kerr County residents, including those who don’t normally follow every cog-turn of government proceedings, have now been poring over the county commissioners meetings this week including Ingram City Council member Raymond Howard. They’ve been digging into ARPA spending and other ways that the county missed opportunities to procure $1 million to implement the warning system commissioners wanted almost 10 years ago, and to prevent the devastating death toll from this week.

A week ago, Howard spent the early morning hours of July 4 knocking on neighbors’ doors to alert them to the flooding after he himself ignored the first two phone alerts on his phone in the middle of the night.

In the week since, the more he’s learned about Kerr County’s county inaction on a flood warning system, the angrier he has become.

“Well, they were obviously thinking about it because they brought it up 20 times since 2016 and never did anything on it,” Howard said, adding that he never thought to ask the city to install sirens previously because he didn’t realize the need for it. “I’m pretty pissed about that.”

Harvey Hilderbran, the former Texas House representative for Kerr County, said what he is watching play out in the community this week is what he’s seen for years in Texas: A disaster hits. There’s a rush to find out who’s accountable. Then outrage pushes officials to shore up deficiencies.

It’s not that Kerr County was dead set against making the area safer, Hilderbran said. Finding a way to pay for it is always where better ideas run aground, especially with a taxbase and leadership as fiscally conservative as Kerr’s.

“Generally everybody’s for doing something until it gets down to the details paying for it,” Hilderbran said. “It’s not like people don’t think about it … I know it’s an issue on their minds and something needs to be done.”

Howard, the 62-year-old Ingram city council member, came to Kerr County years ago to care for an ailing mother. Although he has now been diagnosed with stage four cancer, he said he intends to devote his life to make sure that his small two-mile town north of Kerrville has a warning system and he already knows where he’s going to put it.

“We’re going to get one, put it up on top of the tower behind the volunteer fire department,” he said. “It’s the thing I could do even if it’s the last thing I do …to help secure safety for the future.”

This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at https://www.texastribune.org/2025/07/10/texas-kerr-county-commissioners-flooding-warning/.

The Texas Tribune is a member-supported, nonpartisan newsroom informing and engaging Texans on state politics and policy. Learn more at texastribune.org.

The post Why Kerr County balked on a new flood warning system appeared first on feeds.texastribune.org



Note: The following A.I. based commentary is not part of the original article, reproduced above, but is offered in the hopes that it will promote greater media literacy and critical thinking, by making any potential bias more visible to the reader –Staff Editor.

Political Bias Rating: Center-Right

This article presents a mostly factual and balanced overview of Kerr County’s flood warning system challenges within a politically conservative community. It highlights the county’s strong conservative stance on limited government spending and skepticism toward federal aid, reflecting typical right-leaning priorities such as fiscal conservatism and wariness of federal involvement. The coverage is careful to present multiple perspectives, including official statements and local residents’ concerns, without overt editorializing or ideological framing. The tone and content suggest an objective report focused on local governance dynamics rather than promoting a partisan agenda, though the conservative context is clearly emphasized.

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