“Texas startups make products from the carbon in fossil fuels” was first published by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.

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At a San Antonio research campus, a four-story-tall contraption breaks apart the molecules of Texas shale gas, producing hydrogen and carbon.

But that carbon doesn’t form CO2 gas and drift into the atmosphere where it fuels global warming. Instead, it comes out as black powder that can be stored in bins, moved by railcar and even made into commercial materials.

“It’s a lot easier to handle solid carbon than it is to handle CO2,” said Zach Jones, CEO of Graphitic Energy, which commissioned its pilot project in San Antonio this year.

Graphitic is part of a small landscape of startups developing new ways to utilize some of the billions of tons of carbon in fossil fuels that end up billowing from smokestacks as waste every year. To separate the carbon from methane gas, Graphitic uses a well known process called pyrolysis, which has typically been considered far too energy intensive for economic viability. However, the company says it formulated an undisclosed chemical catalyst that reduces the required power input by close to 90%.

Now it hopes to turn a profit selling hydrogen, a clean burning fuel, and using the carbon soot to produce graphite, a critical mineral currently sourced primarily from China.

“We are able to monetize the carbon,” Jones said. He isn’t the only one chasing this target.

Another company in San Antonio, Carbon Free, built hardware to crystalize CO2 emissions into calcium carbonate, or baking soda, and is working in partnership with U.S. Steel. In Houston, Cemvita has engineered microbes that recycle CO2 into chemicals or even cooking oil, and Dexmat, has devised pure carbon nano-materials which they call a replacement for metals.

In the near term, all these endeavors combined won’t divert more than a negligible fraction of humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions, even as global temperatures and fossil fuel consumption continue to rise. But in the long term, some scientists hope these technologies could help change the view of carbon as a waste product to be discharged into the atmosphere.

“It’s the economics that need to command this,” said Frederic Clerc, director of the Carbon to Value Initiative, an accelerator for carbon technology startups at New York University. “These days, in the U.S., it’s all about economics. It’s not really about the environmental benefit.”

The program has graduated 35 companies since it was launched in 2020 (Graphitic Energy is not among them). Their technologies may succeed, Clerc said, when big corporations can make more money selling their carbon byproduct than they would save by discarding it. But that can only happen after these technologies achieve large-scale production and the economic efficiencies it entails.

“It’s all about scale,” Clerc said. “To be competitive in commodity markets you need to be at a very big scale.”

That raises another challenge: many of these technologies require huge amounts of energy for large-scale production, but they’re emerging just as an explosion of artificial intelligence projects has created yearslong queues to buy power or power generating hardware.

Companies say they’ll use renewable sources to avoid creating more carbon emissions. However, such steep growth in power demand could actually hinder broader efforts to decarbonize.

“You could have taken that energy and used it to supplement the grid,” said James Tour, a professor of chemistry and material science and nanoengineering at Rice University. “Just because it comes from wind and solar doesn’t mean you can abuse it, doesn’t mean you can use it for stupid things.”

Not all these ideas are stupid, he said. It depends on the processes used, the energy input required and the commodity produced in the end.

“There’s a ton of money poured into this type of thing,” Tour said.

Most carbon technology startups hope to partner with large scale industrial emitters and assume custody of the carbon at their smokestacks. German company enaDyne uses a process called plasma catalysis to recycle CO2 and hydrogen back into hydrocarbon fuels “at or below the price of fossil-based alternatives.” Houston-based Mars Materials uses a process called nitrilation to convert CO2 into a common industrial chemical.

New York-based Air Company produces alcohol using an extremely energy intensive process called electrolysis to turn water and captured CO2 into ethanol. So far, the company has produced vodka and hand sanitizer.

Carbon capture isn’t widely used

If some of these companies succeed, they could be the key to widespread deployment of carbon capture systems at industrial emission sources. Such systems have existed for decades but aren’t widely used. Meanwhile, other kinds of emission control systems have drastically reduced the release of many different toxic substances from tailpipes and smokestacks over the last 50 years.

With carbon, the difference is the enormous volumes involved. Carbon constitutes most of the mass in fossil fuels. When burned, it binds with oxygen into CO2 gas. A large power plant can create hundreds of tons per day. In 2024, global energy-related emissions of CO2 were estimated at 38 billion tons. So, the proliferation of carbon capture systems is hung up on questions over what to do with such an unwieldy amount of gas, and who will pay to do it.

“Unless you have a downstream pull, a demand, it’s going to be tough to make the case just to capture CO2,” Sravanth Gadikota, co-founder of a New York-based company called Carbon to Stone. “The technology has been around but nobody is implementing it as much as we thought they would have.”

Gadikota’s company has systems to mineralize CO2 emissions at their source into a solid substance that can be used in cement and other building materials. It started in 2018 as a research group at Cornell University, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. This year it plans to launch its first commercial pilot projects at a steel mill and cement kiln. Each is designed to process up to 8 tons of CO2 per year — barely a whiff in earth’s atmosphere, but a hopeful step towards potentially larger deployments.

For now, there’s only one developed commercial use for massive amounts of CO2. Oil companies inject it underground to squeeze up more oil. They’ve done it for decades with naturally occurring CO2. A few are using captured emissions, but at a much higher cost that requires financial support from the government. It also requires building pipelines from emission sources to oilfields. Virtually all existing carbon capture facilities in the U.S. today provide CO2 for oil production. The next largest users of CO2 are food and beverage companies.

The Biden administration pushed to develop the practice of underground injection for disposal of CO2 without any oil involved, but its uptake has so far been minimal. It also requires a new web of pipelines and depends on government funding. Outside of subsidies, companies don’t make any money by capturing and injecting their CO2.

“At the end of the day, somebody has to be willing to pay the cost,” Gadikota said. “It has to make business sense.”

For years, climate and environment groups have denounced government spending on carbon capture as a “false solution” that prolongs the use of fossil fuels and consumes resources without making significant emissions reductions. Capturing carbon at smokestacks doesn’t address the ubiquitous emissions of raw methane, a greenhouse gas more potent than CO2 in the near term, in the oilfields and all along the gas supply chain.

To address climate change, many groups argue, nations should focus fully on building and improving renewable power projects to replace and eventually discontinue the use of carbon-based fuels entirely.

“Subsidies and regulatory mechanisms meant to accelerate carbon capture for (power) generation aren’t really a reasonable substitution for fundamentally clean energy,” said Jeremy Fisher, senior advisor on climate and energy at the Sierra Club.

However, there’s still no indication that an end of life is approaching for fossil fuels, which still account for the vast majority of energy consumed globally. Despite a decade of booming expansion of wind and solar power projects, global consumption of coal, oil and gas continues to rise, along with carbon emissions. Now the swift emergence of artificial intelligence and its astronomical energy demands is helping drive a fresh buildout of gas-fired turbines and pushing any potential phase-out of fossil fuels far beyond the horizon.

“We’re not going to solve the climate problem simply by putting up windmills,” said Charles McConnell, a former assistant energy secretary with the Obama administration. “We’ve got to have a way to address the emissions that are associated with fossil fuels.”

Decarbonizing energy will require a combination of every potential solution on the table, said McConnell, now executive director of the Center for Carbon Management in Energy at the University of Houston, from renewable power and electric cars to alternative fuels and technologies for emission control.

Unlike most potential solutions, he said, carbon capture has stayed outside the fray of America’s culture wars as both sides kept their distance. Environmentalists disliked that it gave money and a lifeline to fossil fuels, while archconservatives disliked that it acknowledged the hazards of carbon emissions.

In between, political support for carbon capture has come primarily from large oil and gas companies, who see it as good for business.

“These companies are interested in increasing the volume of fossil fuels that are produced,” said John Hall, president of the Houston Advanced Research Center. “There is a recognition that in order for natural gas to remain a viable alternative, they’ve got to figure out a way to reduce emissions.”

That’s a big reason why Congress preserved Obama-era tax credits for carbon capture projects when it passed Trump’s budget bill last month, even as it slashed most other climate-focused incentive programs.

While decarbonization may have faded from vogue in Washington, D.C., the European Union continues to tighten and expand its climate regulations, at least for now.

“Most of the big companies in Texas are international players, particularly in Europe,” Hall said. “They have to meet climate goals there.”

Where the magic happens

Atop three stories of scaffolding, chief technology officer Patrick Hanks pats a large red tub. Forty feet tall and one foot wide, this “carbon formation vessel” is where the magic happens. It takes two days to heat up to 700 degrees Celsius and two days to cool down, but it’s designed to run 24/7. Inside the vessel, under extreme temperature, molecules of methane break apart into hydrogen and carbon.

Graphitic Energy plans to partner with big industrial companies that use hydrogen as fuel, for fertilizer or in chemical production. Currently, hydrogen is produced from methane through a process that requires less energy but also releases the carbon into the atmosphere as CO2.

Graphitic would provide its partners with hydrogen at a price buttressed by the income they hope to make selling carbon graphite, a critical mineral.

“You make so much carbon for the hydrogen you are producing,” said Hanks, a former ExxonMobil employee with a PhD in chemical engineering. “No supply chain dependencies on China or digging it out of the ground. We make limitless amounts from domestic natural gas.”

The company’s process would produce roughly three times as much graphite as hydrogen. It’s not the kind of premium graphite used in batteries and fuel cells, but a lower-grade mineral widely used in metallurgy and machinery.

“I do think there is a market for that,” said Marek Locmelis, an associate professor with the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin.

He said China currently dominates almost all of the world’s graphite supply. Meanwhile, the U.S. energy and defense departments are trying to establish domestic manufacturing capabilities. The country’s first graphite mine began production last year in Louisiana.

“It can take 10-plus years to get a natural graphite mine online,” Locmelis said. “If you can use this methane source instead of opening a new mine, then it will save you a lot of money.”

The lineup for The Texas Tribune Festival continues to grow! Be there when all-star leaders, innovators and newsmakers take the stage in downtown Austin, Nov. 13–15. The newest additions include comedian, actor and writer John Mulaney; Dallas mayor Eric Johnson; U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minnesota; New York Media Editor-at-Large Kara Swisher; and U.S. Rep. Veronica Escobar, D-El Paso. Get your tickets today!

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This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at https://www.texastribune.org/2025/07/23/texas-carbon-products-business-startups-fossil-fuels/.

The Texas Tribune is a member-supported, nonpartisan newsroom informing and engaging Texans on state politics and policy. Learn more at texastribune.org.

The post Texas startups make products from the carbon in fossil fuels appeared first on feeds.texastribune.org

Note: The following A.I. based commentary is not part of the original article, reproduced above, but is offered in the hopes that it will promote greater media literacy and critical thinking, by making any potential bias more visible to the reader –Staff Editor.

Political Bias Rating: Centrist

This content presents an informative and balanced overview of emerging carbon capture technologies and their economic and environmental contexts. It neither vehemently advocates for nor outright dismisses fossil fuels, acknowledging the complexities and challenges of carbon management, economics, and climate goals. The article includes perspectives from industry leaders, environmental advocates, and scientists, providing nuanced insights without overt ideological framing. Such an approach aligns with centrist journalism, aimed at readers seeking factual reporting over partisan commentary.

“Texas Senate committee doubles down on THC ban, saying state and local governments don’t have the resources for regulations” was first published by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.

Sign up for The Brief, The Texas Tribune’s daily newsletter that keeps readers up to speed on the most essential Texas news.

The Texas Senate is doubling down with its attempt to ban hemp-derived THC, setting up another showdown with the House, where lawmakers are more amenable to regulating the substance than eliminating it from recreational use.

Senate Bill 5 by Sen. Charles Perry, R-Lubbock, would create a blanket ban on products containing any “detectable amount of any cannabinoid” other than cannabidiol and cannabigerol, better known as CBD and CBG, non-intoxicating components of cannabis. This bill would eliminate the majority of hemp products, including those that are legal under the federal definition.

The bill would make the manufacturing, delivering or possessing with the intent to provide consumable hemp products a third-degree felony offense, as well as create misdemeanor offenses for providing consumable hemp by courier, delivery, or mail service. Possession of hemp products will be considered a misdemeanor offense. However, a person caught illegally possessing the products for the first time will not face charges under the bill. The bill passed the Senate State Affairs Committee unanimously on Tuesday and advanced to the full chamber.

Perry said that the state has tried to regulate hemp, but it’s not being enforced.

“We will regulate it by banning it because we have tried regulation,” said a visibly frustrated Perry during Tuesday’s hearing on the bill.

Gov. Greg Abbott has asked lawmakers to prioritize hemp regulatory issues during the 30-day special session that started on Monday. SB 5 is essentially a revival of Senate Bill 3 from this year’s regular legislative session, which lawmakers passed but Abbott vetoed.

Abbott in his veto urged lawmakers to instead regulate hemp sales similarly to liquor sales, by prohibiting sales near places frequented by children, and prohibiting sales to anyone under the age of 21, with strict penalties for any retailer that fails to comply. The hemp industry has largely been amenable to these restrictions.

Although reports circulated during the hearing on Tuesday suggesting that Abbott had suddenly changed his mind and wants a full ban, his press secretary Andrew Mahaleris said the governor supports a ban for those under 21, with a full ban on “extraordinarily dangerous synthetic products.”

“Adults should be able to access heavily regulated, nonintoxicating levels of hemp, and there should be strict legal enforcement of hemp that exceeds 3.0 milligrams total THC per serving,” he said in the statement. “The Governor will continue working with the legislature to establish a framework that meets those goals.”

Abbott’s veto came after immense pushback from hemp supporters, including veterans and chronically ill people, who said hemp has been a cheaper and more accessible alternative to the medical marijuana program. Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick, who was a large supporter of a THC ban, lambasted the veto as an attempt to legalize adult-use cannabis.

During the hearing, several senators took the opportunity to take shots at pro-hemp supporters, accusing them of using veterans as a battering ram to protect an “illegal market.”

“It’s just slimy and dishonest,” said Sen. Bob Hall, R-Edgewood.

Hall and others started to question and encourage law enforcement to begin arresting hemp consumers and retailers without the passage of SB 5, since this was an illegal market.

Steve Dye, Allen police chief who has pro-actively cracked down on hemp in his city, said not many police chiefs want to go after hemp due to potential lawsuits and not many district attorneys want to prosecute these substances, but he believes a ban will force many businesses to close, making it easier to control hemp.

“It would take decades, in our opinion, and millions of millions of dollars to hire and train agents to understand chemistry, potency threshold, lab testing and labeling compliance, and they will never be able to keep pace with the retailers, wholesalers and shippers,” Dye said.

Other lawmakers called hemp products “gas station heroin,” suggested that the Uvalde shooter might have had mental problems due to marijuana usage, called retailers “modern day trap-houses,” and indicated that THC might cause dementia in older people.

“It’s especially concerning given your recent investment in the dementia institute of Texas. It’d be counterproductive to fund dementia prevention while also expanding access to products that may increase dementia risk,” said Lindy McGee, a member of the Texas Pediatric Society.

Perry, throughout the hearing, emphasized that he needed a strong showing of support to implement this ban, suggesting police chiefs encourage school district leaders to support the effort and encourage other groups to talk about the damage caused by THC in hopes of reaching Abbott.

Perry’s call comes after months of massive response from THC supporters about the damages a ban would do to the economy and to ailing Texans, many of whom signed up to speak on Tuesday.

Ramona Harding, a Navy veteran, told lawmakers about how she was raped while in the service, leading to her drug and alcohol addiction. After her two brothers died from alcohol poisoning, her family and medical professionals recommended she move to hemp, and she says it’s the only thing keeping her alive.

“If you pass this, I don’t know what I am going to do. I promised my husband I wouldn’t kill myself,” she said.

Other veterans accused lawmakers of betraying their conservative values and dismissing polls that show a majority of Texans don’t want a ban.

“This is turning Texas into a nanny state,” said Mitch Fuller, a representative for Texas VFW. “This is about the alcohol lobby and the pharmaceutical lobby. You want to talk about poison. Pharmaceuticals are the poison.”

Farmers, lawyers, retailers, parents, real estate agents, and others testified before lawmakers, taking exception to how they have been described by Perry and others. They said a ban restricts the freedoms of Texans and goes against the spirit of the state.

“We followed every rule, food grade standards, lab testing, licensing and more, and now we are being accused of targeting children, working with cartels, and being terrorists,” said John Elmore, a hemp farmer in Texas. “As a Texan, I never expected this level of misdirection from people we were supposed to trust.”

Some hemp advocates resigned themselves to the prospect of another ugly fight this special session.

“I am not here with any naivety. I know I am not going to change your minds,” said Zach Crow, an attorney who represents businesses operating in hemp and cannabis markets. “But marijuana and cannabis are not the boogieman you are making it out to be. My clients don’t sell THC to children, period, and we would like to see those people in jail.”

The lineup for The Texas Tribune Festival continues to grow! Be there when all-star leaders, innovators and newsmakers take the stage in downtown Austin, Nov. 13–15. The newest additions include comedian, actor and writer John Mulaney; Dallas mayor Eric Johnson; U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minnesota; New York Media Editor-at-Large Kara Swisher; and U.S. Rep. Veronica Escobar, D-El Paso. Get your tickets today!

TribFest 2025 is presented by JPMorganChase.

This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at https://www.texastribune.org/2025/07/22/texas-thc-senate-ban-abbott-hemp/.

The Texas Tribune is a member-supported, nonpartisan newsroom informing and engaging Texans on state politics and policy. Learn more at texastribune.org.

The post Texas Senate committee doubles down on THC ban appeared first on feeds.texastribune.org

Note: The following A.I. based commentary is not part of the original article, reproduced above, but is offered in the hopes that it will promote greater media literacy and critical thinking, by making any potential bias more visible to the reader –Staff Editor.

Political Bias Rating: Center-Right

The article reflects a center-right perspective, primarily presenting the viewpoints of Republican Texas lawmakers advocating for a strong ban on hemp-derived THC products. The language and framing emphasize law-and-order concerns, public health risks, and conservative values such as regulation and control of substances perceived as harmful. Although it includes voices opposing the ban—such as hemp advocates, veterans, and industry representatives—the overall tone leans toward supporting stricter regulation and criminal penalties. The coverage also highlights the political dynamics within the Texas GOP and Governor Abbott’s more moderate regulatory stance, indicating a nuanced but predominantly conservative framing.

SUMMARY: Rock legend Ozzy Osbourne, 76, has died surrounded by family. The Osbournes requested privacy but shared their deep sadness. Diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2020, Ozzy struggled with health issues, including spinal injuries and surgeries, leading him to end touring in 2023. Earlier this year, he reunited with Black Sabbath’s original members for a final show in Birmingham, his hometown. Ozzy, who formed Black Sabbath in 1968 and helped pioneer heavy metal, was also a Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inductee. His mainstream fame grew with the MTV reality show “The Osbournes” featuring his family.

Read the full article

The post Ozzy Osbourne dies weeks after farewell show appeared first on www.kxan.com